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Misleading Advertisements and the Constitution: What the Patanjali Proceedings Mean for India’s Start-up Ecosystem
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal Introduction The Supreme Court’s proceedings in Patanjali Ayurved Ltd., In re v. Union of India, (2024) 19 SCC 193, popularly associated

GST Penalty Appeals and the 10% Pre-Deposit: Examining the Retrospective Application of the 2025 Amendment
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal Introduction Goods and Services Tax (GST) was introduced in India on 1st July 2017 with the aim of incorporating different types

Simplification, Continuity and Statutory Interpretation:Reading the Income-tax Act, 2025
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal, Bhanukaran Singh Jodha The enactment of the Income-tax Act, 2025 presents an unusual exercise in legislative drafting. It replaces a statute

Decoding the Block Assessment Period Under Section 153 C: The Delhi High Court’s Ruling in Ojjus Medicare
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal Introduction Search and seizure under the section 132 of the Income Tax Act[1] are among the strongest powers available to the

Marital Rape and The Criminal Law Debate
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal 1. Introduction Marital rape is also known as spousal rape, refers to sexual intercourse by a husband against his own wife

The Rope Holds: The Supreme Court Reaffirms Deena on the Constitutionality of Hanging
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal, Aparna Iyer On 18.08.2026, a Bench of two Judges of the Supreme Court, in Rishi Malhotra v. Union of India, dismissed

Democratizing Global Finance: The UNFCITC and The Shift in International Tax Governance
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal 1. Introduction International economic law is currently undergoing one of the most significant structural transformations of our generation. For decades, the

AI, Deepfakes and Defamation: The Next Frontier of Reputation Protection
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal, Manya Jaiswal Artificial Intelligence (“AI”) has transformed the digital landscape, redefining the manner in which information is created, disseminated and consumed.

Guardian of The Fourth Pillar: Judicial Review and The Constitutional Limits of Press Censorship in India
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal, Preyoshi Bhattacharjee Introduction A free press is one of the indispensable foundations of a constitutional democracy. The ability of the press

Indian Stance through Judgements
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal Over the years, the Indian judicial system has expressed various views with regard to the stance on Active and Passive Euthanasia.

Protection and Redressal of Minority Shareholder Rights in India, England and the United States
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal, Aastha I. Introduction In 2021, the Hon’ble Supreme Court reversed the NCLAT and restored the board of Tata Sons; it did

Failing Firm Defense: Analyzing Merger Control and Insolvency Scenarios in India and Abroad
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal, Aastha I. Introduction: In the ever-evolving landscape of mergers and acquisitions (M&A), one contentious and complex facet stands out as a

Artificial Intelligence and Criminal Liability
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal, Abhishek Kumar Jaiswal Introduction Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed sectors such as healthcare, banking, education, governance, and legal services. Its ability

When the Direction Is the Demand: Rethinking Indirect Solicitation Under Section 7 PC Act After Rangayya
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal I. The Facts and the Legal Question On 28 May 2023, a police sub-inspector named Rangayya told a complainant standing in

The Conundrum Around the Delimitation Bill and Women Reservation Act
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal Introduction With the defeat of the 131st Constitutional Amendment Bill, 2025, along with the Delimitation Bill, 2026 and the Union Territories

CCDs – Financial debt or shareholders equity?
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal Introduction Under section 71(1) of the companies act, a compulsorily convertible debenture is a hybrid form of security which can be

Anti-Defection Law and The Defectors of The Constitution
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal, Ritika Gusain Introduction The anti-defection law was enacted to address a specific problem in Indian politics i.e., the widespread practice of

When Delay Defeats Jurisdiction: Bombay High Court Holds that Failure of Assessing Officer, Income Tax Department to Pass an Order Giving Effect (“OGE”) Within Limitation Invalidates Assessment and Penalty Proceedings
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal, Gaurav Singh The Income-tax Act, 1961 (“Income Tax Act”) has rigid timelines not only for the completion of assessments but also

Fraudulent and Preferential Transactions under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code: A Comparative Analysis of the Pre and Post Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) Act, 2026
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal, Vaishnavi Introduction Under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (“Code”), the of concept of avoidance transaction has been introduced to safeguard

The Silent Legal Reform Nobody Is Talking About: The Jan Vishwas (Amendment of Provisions) Act, 2026
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal, Preyoshi Bhattacharjee INTRODUCTION The Jan Vishwas (Amendment of Provisions) Act, 2023 (hereinafter referred to as the “Act”) has been hailed as one

Grasping the Nettle: The Supreme Court’s New Architecture for Summary Judgment Under Order XIII-A CPC
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal Introduction For nearly a decade, Order XIII-A of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (“CPC”) remained one of the least utilised

Need for Digital Competition Law: Navigating through the Draft of Digital Competition Bill
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal, Nischay Purohit Introduction: Competition law holds a crucial position in today’s complex business landscape. With a surge in the emergence of

Scope of Interference in an Appeal under Section 37 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal, Amrita Sony Arbitration has long been recognised as a preferred mode of commercial dispute resolution, primarily because it offers parties a

Recent Developments in Corporate Criminal Liability under the Negotiable Instruments Act: Can an Authorized Signatory Be Treated as the “Drawer”
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal 1. Introduction The evolving legal conundrum around Negotiable Instruments act especially sec 138[1] has tried to balance commercial efficiency with principles

From the Public Gambling Act, 1867 to Haryana Prevention of Public Gambling Act, 2025: Closing the Gaps in Betting and Gambling Law
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal Introduction Betting & Gambling are perhaps as old and mankind and have been practised since ancient times, with references made in

The Price for Stay of an Arbitral Award: Navigating Pre-Deposit Requirements in Section 34 Arbitration Proceedings
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal, Arya Anand Introduction “Discourage litigation. Persuade your neighbours to compromise whenever you can. Point out to them how the nominal winner

Procedural void under Section 16 of the Arbitration & Conciliation Act, 1996
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal, Ayushi Goyal INTRODUCTION The evolution of Indian arbitration jurisprudence over the last decade has been marked by an increasing recognition that

The Need for a Matrimonial Litigation Code in India: An Analysis for Procedural Reform
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal, Divya Verma Introduction Family disputes carry an important place in the Indian Law System. Unlike ordinary civil or commercial litigation, matrimonial

The Expanding Jurisdiction of the NCLT under Section 60(5) of the IBC: Judicial Innovation or Judicial Overreach?
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal, Manvi Jain One of the defining features of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (“IBC”) is its attempt to provide a

Encounter Killings and Constitutional Democracy
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal, Mallika Luthra Introduction The legitimacy of a constitutional democracy rests upon its unwavering commitment to the rule of law and the administration

Reforming Domestic Arbitration and Attracting Foreign Investment: India’s Arbitration Framework Post-2025
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal, Tanushvi Singh Introduction India’s arbitration landscape is undergoing a transformative shift with the Draft Arbitration and Conciliation (Amendment) Bill, 2024. Released

Emergency Arbitration in India
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal, Raj Maitrey Introduction Emergency Arbitration is when an arbitral institution selects a sole arbitrator to adjudicate on applications for interim relief

Delhi High Court to Examine the Scope of Pre-Cognizance Hearing Under Section 223 BNSS in PMLA Complaints: An Important Development in Criminal Procedure
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal, Priyanshu Raj The transition from the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (CrPC) to the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS) has

AI-Generated Content and Copyright in India
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal, Manini Shah INTRODUCTION In today’s fast‑moving world, Generative Artificial Intelligence is no longer confined to research labs, it can be found

Dismantling the “Fruits of The Award” Doctrine: The Dynamics of Section 9 in High Profile Infra Structure Disputes
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal, Vrinda Tripathi I. Introduction The Indian Infrastructural landscape has been exponentially growing. Over the years, the synergy between public and private

Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards in India: Is India Finally Arbitration-Friendly?
The enforceability of arbitral awards lies at the heart of international commercial arbitration. For multinational corporations, foreign investors, and cross-border commercial entities, an arbitral award

How “Anand Khosla v. Punam Kumari Singh” misstepped on the arbitrability of IP Disputes
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal, Rushil Anand By way of this article, we will examine the shifting paradigm of arbitrability of Intellectual Property Rights (“IPR”) disputes. By

The Appellate Arbitral Tribunal Under the Draft Arbitration and Conciliation (Amendment) Bill, 2024: An Assessment
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal, Manav Goyal I. Introduction A party that chooses arbitration is choosing to be done with the dispute faster. Unlike courts, arbitration

Three Doors Back Into a Closed Case
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal, Manav Goyal Review, curative jurisdiction and Article 142 in commercial disputes, and what 2026 has done to them Each of the

The Deadline that Never Binds
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal, Manav Goyal Every timeline Parliament has aimed at a court has been read down, struck down or quietly ignored. The only deadlines

Project-Wise Cirp in The Real Estate Sector: Evolving Judicial Principles and Legislative Recognition
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal, Anuj Maheshwari Introduction The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (the Code) marked a paradigm shift in India’s insolvency regime by introducing a consolidated

Inherent Powers of the High Court under Section 528 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (Corresponding to Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973)
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal, Raghwendra Pratap Rao Under the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (hereinafter referred to as the “BNSS”), Chapter XXXIX deals with miscellaneous provisions,

The Clean Slate and the Long Arm of the Law
Reconciling the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code with the Prevention of Money Laundering Act Written By: Apoorv Agarwal, Aparna Iyer I. Scope and Object This article

JAO vs. FAO: The Reassessment Dispute Takes a Constitutional Turn
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal The introduction of the faceless assessment regime under Section 144B of the Income-tax Act 1961 with effect from 1 April 2021

When Can an Arbitrator Be Challenged? Independence, Impartiality and Termination of Mandate under Indian Arbitration Law
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal Arbitration is founded on the principle of party autonomy, but the legitimacy of an arbitral award ultimately depends on the neutrality

The Over-Engineered Sandbox: Should the Pre-Packaged Insolvency Resolution Process Be Extended Beyond MSMEs?
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal, Saumya Aggarwal Introduction When a company cannot pay its debts, the law gives it two broad routes. One is a formal court

Reinvestigation Under the PMLA: Mapping the Limits of the Enforcement Directorate’s Powers After Cognizance
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal, Siddharth Kumar The Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 [‘PMLA’] vests in the Enforcement Directorate [‘ED’] functions that are simultaneously investigative,

Single-Creditor CIRP and the Limits of Section 12A: Has NCLAT Created a Narrow Abuse of Process Exception After GLAS Trust?
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal, Sanchit Aggarwal 1. Scope and Object of Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 is built on a simple

Effectiveness of Intellectual Property Laws in India: Enforcement Challenges and Litigation Loopholes
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal, Rishabh Bafna Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) play a crucial role in encouraging innovation, protecting creativity, and promoting economic development. In a rapidly

Revisiting Impact On International Arbitration Amidst Global Disturbances And The Way Forward
Written By: Apoorv Agarwal, Bandita The last decade has seen a massive global disruption impacting all functions of life. The global disturbance has also impacted